Monday, 31 July 2017

Key events in the captive orca industry

+ 18th November 1961 - The first ever killer whale was captured and taken to Marineland California. For a long time, the orca was known as 'Newport whale', but over time it has come to be known that the orca was named Wanda*. Wanda survived for only two days in captivity before dying.
+ 21st March 1964 - SeaWorld California opened - the first of the once four SeaWorld parks.
+ 23rd June 1965 - Namu* a male orca was captured and taken to Seattle Marine Aquarium. He starred in a movie, also titled Namu, which helped to alter public perception on killer whales, as previously orcas were misunderstood and widely feared.
+ December 1965 - Shamu* was transferred from Seattle Marine Aquarium to SeaWorld California, where she became an infamous icon.
+ Between 1960s-1970s - Approximately 70 orcas were captured off North American waters.
+ August 1970 - The Penn Cove capture at Puget Sound received public outcry and criticism. L-25 pod was targeted - 5 orcas died in the process and 7 orcas were taken. Of the seven, included Lolita, who still lives at Miami Seaquarium today.
+ 21st October 1972 - US Marine Mammal Protection Act was passed to prevent any further orca captures from North American waters. The bill was sparked by the Penn Cove round up.
+ Between 1976-1988 - After the bill passed in North America, Iceland became the new place to take killer whales from the wild. 48 orcas were captured in Icelandic waters, including Keiko* and Tilikum*.
+ 19th February 1977 - First killer whale was born in captivity to Corky 2, however it only survived 18 days.
+ 26th September 1985 - Kalina* was born to Katina at SeaWorld and regarded as the first successful killer whale birth in captivity. She lived for 25 years in various SeaWorld parks before her death.
+ 20th February 1991 - Keltie Byrne was killed by Tilikum*, Haida 2* and Nootka 4*, after she fell into the killer whale pool at Sealand of the Pacific.
+ 9th February 1997 - A family of 10 orcas were rounded up into the now infamous Taiji Cove. Five orcas were sold to marine parks, and they became known as the Taiji Five. Two of the orcas died before they were named, whereas the others were named Ku*, (sent to Taiji Whaling Museum then died to Nagoya Port Aquarium), Asuka* (also sent to Taiji Whaling Museum then died at Izu-Mito Sea Paradise) and Kyu* (died at Nanki Shirama Adventure World).
+ 9th September 1998 - Keiko* was flown from Oregon Aquarium to a sea-pen off Icelandic waters, where he started his rehabilitation to the wild.
+ 1st September 2001 - Nakai, the first ever orca conceived via artificial insemination was born.
+ 26th September 2003 - The first killer whale captured since the Taiji Five, was taken from Russian waters. The female survived only a month in captivity.
+ 12th December 2003 - Keiko* passed away in Norway, of pneumonia at approximately 27 years of age.
+ 24th December 2009 - Trainer Alexis Martinez was killed at Loro Parqie by Keto during a training session. After this incident, trainers were removed from entering the water with the orcas.
+ 24th February 2010 - Tilikum* killed trainer Dawn Brancheau during a Dine With Shamu session. OSHA then bans trainers from entering the water with killer whales, leading to the end of waterwork performances during SeaWorld shows.
+ 23rd June 2010 - Morgan was found alone in Dutch waters and taken to Dolfinarium Harderwijk. It was assumed she would be nursed to health there and then re-released, however she was sent to Loro Parque in November 2011. An ongoing campaign exists called Free Morgan, to send her back to the wild.
+ 11th August 2012 - Almost 9 years since the first Russian capture, a lone female, Narnia was taken into captivity.
+ 19th July 2013 - Blackfish was released in the United States. The film documents Tilikum's life, Dawn Brancheau's death and other cases of killer whale aggression in captivity. Public outcry against keeping killer whale's in captivity sparked 'The Blackfish Movement', which led to a decreased attendance to SeaWorld parks.
+ 17th March 2016 - SeaWorld declared to end it's killer whale breeding program and their current orcas will be the last generation.
+ September 2016 - California puts through a bill that bans the breeding of killer whales in captivity.
+ 19th April 2017 - The last killer calf, Kyara, was born at SeaWorld Texas to Takara.
+ 26th May 2017 - France passed legislation that bans the breeding of dolphins and killer whales in captivity, likely to make the Marineland four orcas the last generation.
24th July 2017 - Kyara died at SeaWorld from pneumonia, after only 3 months of life.
+ 22nd September 2018 - Ula is born at Loro Parque to Morgan.
+ June 2019 - Canada passes a bill banning the capture and breeding of cetaceans in captivity. The current cetaceans held at MarineLand Canada are unable to be transferred elsewhere.

Sunday, 29 January 2017

Malvina*


[Name] Malvina*
[Date of capture] July.2015
[Date of death] Late 2016??
[Held at] Seaside Dolphinarium
[Previously held at] -
[Parents] Unknown
[Offspring] -

In July 2015, Malvina became another orca taken from the wild and added to the list of 'Russian Captures'. She was captured alongside two others, who go by unnamed. She was transferred to Seaside Dolphinarium/TINRO Center in Nakhodka Russia, which is a research facility. However there are rumours that Malvina either escaped or died in 2016.

Saturday, 3 January 2015

Naja


[Name] Naja
[Date of capture] July.2014
[Currently resides] Moskvarium
[Previously held at] TINRO Center??, VDNKh Exhibition?? 
[Parents] -
[Offspring] -

Naja was one of four orcas captured in Russian Waters in July 2014. She was moved to the Moskvarium in December 2014 where she met Narnia and Nord. Nara also goes by Juliet or Malyshka, meaning 'baby girl' in Russian. 

Thursday, 1 January 2015

Amaya*


[Name] Amaya*
[Date of birth] 02.December.2014
[Date of death] 19.Aug.2021
[Currently resides] SeaWorld California
[Previously held at]
[Parents] Ulises and Kalia [AI]
[Offspring] -

Amaya was born with her grand mother, Kasatka*, and Uncle Nakai present. She was presumed to be the calf of Ulises, who lives at SeaWorld California also, but the impregnation done via artificial insemination. Her name was chosen much quicker than usual, just under 2 months after her birthday - the options were: Amaya, Kissa and Nasia.

Friday, 14 November 2014

Nord


[Name] Nord
[Date of capture] August.2013
[Currently resides] Moskvarium
[Previously held at] TINRO Center?. VDNKh Exhibition Centre
[Parents] Unknown
[Offspring] -

Nord is assumed to have been about 4 years old at capture. He was captured with Grace and Orpheus in August 2013, who were transferred to China. Nord lives with Narnia and Naja at the Moskvarium. Prior to their stay at the Moskvarium, Nord and Narnia were held at the VDNKh Exhibition Centre, a temporary holding facility. 

Sunday, 7 September 2014

The Russian Captures


The Russian Captures are a collection of killer whales that are being held in captivity, but limited knowledge to the public is known about them. The current number of Russian captures since 2012 is approximately 30-33 (including 10 which were released in 2019).

The first of the Russian orcas captures was Narnia in 2012. Narnia was held in a seapen for some time before being moved to VDNKh Exhibition Center in Moscow.

In August 2013, three killer whales were captured together – two males and a female. One of the males (Tyson) and a female (Nukka) were sent to Chimelong Ocean in China, whereas the other male, named Nord, joined Narnia at the VDNKh Exhibition Center. 

A further three killer whales were captured in October 2013. Two were sent to Chimelong Ocean Kingdom in China, whereas one went to an unknown facility. 

Four killer whales were captured in July 2014 off Russian waters. Three went to Chimelong Ocean Kingdom. One of the four captured was named Naja and joined Narnia and Nord at the Moskvarium.

Controversy arose when some of the Russian killer whales were due to be displayed at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics. The public petitioned and successfully blocked the display of any orcas at the Russian Olympics games.

In July 2015, three more killer whales were captured in Russia. Two of them remained unnamed, whilst a female was named Malvina. Five whales resided at Seaside Dolphinairum but there has since been transfers and only Malvina resided there, until her possible death or escape. Another four were captured sometime in 2015, and were held at the Dalian Laohutan Ocean Park in China. In November 2018 they were moved to the Shanghai Haichang Polar Ocean World, and have since been named Xiaoen, Panghu, Dora and Cookie. 

Two more orcas were captured in 2016, and reside at Wuxi Changqiao Ocean Kingdom in China. 

In 2018 the world became aware of another wave of Russian captured orcas and belugas held in what was known as "Whale Jail", at the Center for Adaption of Marine Mammals in Srednyaya Bay. A total of 87 belugas and 11 orcas were held there. Drone footage of the enclosures led to international outcry. Russian's president, Vladimir Putin became involved and the whales were eventually released by November 2019.

Since 2019, five calves have been born at Chimelong Spaceship, two born at Shanghai Haichang Ocean World and Naja gave birth the end of 2023 but the calf sadly passed away a month later. It's not fully known whether China is holding any other orcas. There is potentially another two being held at a facility being built at SunAsia Beluga Whale World.
-------
Due to the lack of information, the below list may have errors:

China = 22
Chimelong Spaceship, China
-Tyson (2013)
-Nukka (2013)
-Bandhu (2013)
-Chad (2013)
-Kaixin (2013)
-Katenka (2014)
-Nakhod (2014)
-Jade (2015)
-Sonya (2015)
-Yilong (2019)
-Loki (2021)
-Katniss (2022)
-Unnamed Calf (2022 or 2023?)
-Wulong (2023)

Wuxi Changqiao Ocean Kingdom, China
-Unnamed, unknown gender (held since 2017)
-Unnamed, unknown gender (held since 2017)

Shanghai Haichang Polar Ocean World, China
-Xiaoen (2015)
-Panghu (2015)
-Dora (2015)
-Cookie (2015) 
-Cody (2021)
-Dora's Calf (2023)

Russia - 1
Moskvarium, Moscow, Russia
-Naja (07/2014)
-Narnia* (08/2012 - 2023)
-Nord* (08/2013 - 2023)
-Naja's Calf* (2023 - 2024)
-----
Seaside Dolphinarium, Nakhodka, Russia 
-Malvina* (07/2015) - Has possibly died or escaped

Center for the Adaption of Marine Mammals, Srednyaya Bay, Russia - released in summer 2019
-Alexandra (08/2018) 
-Forest (08/2018)
-Gaika (08/2018)
-Harja (08/2018)
-Leha (08/2018)
-Kirill* (08/2018) - possibly escaped or died in Feb 2019
-Tihon (08/2018)
-Vasillievena (08/2018)
-Vitas (08/2018)
-Zina (08/2018)
-Zoya (08/2018)

Kamea










[Name] Kamea
[Date of birth] 06.12.13
[Currently resides] SeaWorld Texas
[Previously held at] -
[Parents] Kshamenk and Takara [AI]
[Offspring] -

Kamea was born to Takara at the end of 2013. She lives in SeaWorld Texas with her mother, half sister Sakari and a pod of whales with varying relatedness.

Keijo










[Name] Keijo
[Date of birth] 20.Nov.13
[Currently resides] Marineland France
[Previously held at] -
[Parents] Valentin* and Wikie
[Offspring] -

Keijo is the offspring of Wikie and Wikie's half brother, Valentin*, meaning that Keijo is the result of inbreeding. Keijo was officially named 5 months after his birth. Keijo is already featured in shows and can be found playing with his mother and half brother, Moana.

Tuesday, 6 August 2013

Orca Family Tree


Kiska
-Daughters: Athena*
-Sons: Kanuck*, Nova*, Hudson*

Corky
-Daughters: Kiva, Unnamed*
-Sons: 2 Unnamed*

Ulises
-Son: Moana
-Daughter: Amaya*

Orkid
-Father: Orky 2*
-Mother: Kandu 5*
-Half-sisters: Kayla*, Kiva*
-Niece: Kiva*

Shouka
-Father: Kim*
-Mother: Sharkan*
-Sister: Wikie
-Brother: Inouk
-Half-brother: Valentin*
-Nephew: Moana, Keijo

Nakai
-Father: Tilikum*
-Mother: Kasatka*
-Brother: Makani
-Half-sisters: Takara, Kalia, Kohana, Unna*, Skyla*, Malia
-Half-brothers: Kyuquot, Tuar, Tekoa, Ikaika, Makaio
-Nieces: Kohana, Nalani, Sakari, Kamea, Amaya*
-Nephew: Trua

Ikaika
-Father: Tilikum*
-Mother: Katina
-Sister: Unna*
-Brother: Makaio
-Half-sisters: Kalina*, Kohana, Skyla*, Nalani, Malia
-Half-brothers: Kyuquot, Tuar, Tekoa, Nakai
-Nieces: Skyla*, Kalia, Nalani
-Nephews: Keet, Keto, Tuar, Trua

Kalia
-Daughter: Amaya*
-Father: Keet
-Mother: Kasatka*
-Half-sister: Takara
-Half-brothers: Nakai, Makani
-Grandmother: Kalina*
-Great-grandmother: Katina
-Aunts: Takara, Skyla*, Nalani
-Uncles: Keto, Tuar
-Niece: Kohana, Sakari, Kamea
-Nephew: Trua

Makani
-Father: Kshamenk
-Mother: Kasatka*
-Half-brother: Nakai
-Half-sisters: Takara, Kalia, Kamea
-Nieces: Kohana, Sakari, Kamea, Amaya*
-Nephew: Trua

Amaya*
-Father: Ulises
-Mother: Kalia
-Grandmother: Kasatka*
-Aunts: Takara
-Uncle: Nakai, Makani
-Half-brother: Moana
-Cousins: Sakarai, Kamea, Kohana, Trua

Katina
-Sons: Taku*, Ikaika, Makaio
-Daughters: Kalina*, Katerina*, Unna*, Nalani
-Grandsons: Keet, Keto, Tuar, Trua
-Granddaughters: Skyla*, Nalani
-Greatgrandaughters: Kalia
-Greatgrandson: Adan

Tilikum*
-Sons: Kyuquot, Taku*, Sumar*, Tuar, Tekoa, Nakai, Ikaika, Makaio
-Daughters: Nyar*, Unna*, Kohana, Skyla*, Malia, Sakari
-Grandsons: Trua, Adan
-Granddaughters: Nalani

Trua
-Father: Taku*
-Mother: Takara
-Half-sisters: Kohana, Nalani, Sakari, Kamea
-Grandmothers: Katina, Kasatka*
-Aunts: Unna*, Kohana, Skyla*, Nalani, Malia
-Uncles: Kyuquot, Keet Keto, Tuar, Tekoa, Nakai, Ikaika, Makaio, Makani

Nalani - inbred
-Father: Taku*
-Mother: Katina
-Half-brothers: Taku, Ikaika, Trua, Makaio
-Grandmother: Katina
-Grandfather: Tilikum*
-Half-sisters: Kalina*, Unna*
-Aunts: Unna*, Kohana, Skyla*, Malia, Sakari
-Uncles: Kyuquot, Tuar, Tekoa, Nakai, Ikaika
-Nephews: Keet, Keto, Tuar, Trua
-Niece: Skyla*

Malia
-Father: Tilikum*
-Mother: Taima*
-Brother: Tekoa
-Half-sisters: Unna*, Kohana, Skyla*, Sakari
-Half-brothers: Kyuquot, Tuar, Nakai, Ikaika, Makaio
-Niece: Nalani
-Nephew: Trua, Adan

Makaio
-Father: Tilikum*
-Mother: Katina
-Sisters: Unna*
-Brothers: Ikaika
-Half-brothers: Kyuquot, Tuar, Tekoa, Nakai
-Half-sisters: Nalani, Kohana, Skyla*, Malia, Sakari
-Nephews: Keet, Keto, Tuar

Takara
-Father: Kotar*
-Mother: Kasatka*
-Half-brothers: Nakai, Makani, Keet, Keto
-Half-sisters: Kalia
-Niece: Kalia, Amaya*
-Nephew: Adan
-Son: Trua
-Daughters: Kohana, Sakari, Kamea, Kyara*
-Grandson: Adan

Kyuquot
-Father: Tilikum*
-Mother: Haida 2*
-Half-sisters: Unna*, Kohana, Skyla*, Malia
-Half-brothers: Tuar, Tekoa, Nakai, Ikaika, Makaio
-Niece: Nalani
-Nephew: Trua, Adan

Keet
-Father: Kotar*
-Mother: Kalina*
-Brother: Keto
-Grandmother: Katina
-Half-sisters: Takara, Skyla*
-Half-brothers: Tuar
-Aunts: Unna*, Nalani
-Uncle: Ikaika
-Nieces: Kohana, Sakari, Kamea
-Nephew: Trua, Adan
-Daughter: Kalia
-Granddaughter: Amaya*

Unna*
-Father: Tilikum*
-Mother: Katina
-Brothers: Ikaika, Makaio
-Half-sisters: Kohana, Skyla*, Nalani, Malia, Sakari
-Half-brothers: Kyuquot, Tuar, Tekoa, Nakai
-Nieces: Skyla*, Nalani
-Nephews: Keet, Keto, Tuar, Trua

Tuar
-Father: Tilikum*
-Mother: Kalina*
-Sister: Skyla*
-Half-sisters: Unna*, Kohana, Malia, Sakari
-Half-brothers: Keet, Keto, Kyuquot, Tekoa, Nakai, Ikaika, Makaio
-Grandmother: Katina
-Aunts: Unna*, Nalani
-Uncle: Ikaika
-Nieces: Kalia, Nalani
-Nephew: Trua, Adan

Sakari
-Father: Tilikum*
-Mother: Takara
-Half-sisters: Kohana, Unna*, Skyla*, Malia, Kamea, Kyara
-Half-brothers: Kyuquot, Tuar, Tekoa, Nakai, Ikaika, Makaio, Trua
-Uncles: Nakai, Makani
-Aunt: Kalia
-Grandmother: Kasatka*
-Cousin: Amaya*

Kamea
-Father: Kshamenk
-Mother: Takara
-Half-sister: Kohana, Sakari, Kyara
-Half-brother: Trua, Makani
-Uncles: Nakai, Makani
-Aunt: Kalia
-Grandmother: Kasatka*
-Cousin: Amaya*

Kshamenk
-Father: Father of Kshamenk*
-Son: Makani
-Daughter: Kamea

Stella
-Daughters: Lovey, Lara, Sarah*, Ran, Lynn

Lovey
-Father: Bingo*
-Mother: Stella
-Sisters: Lara, Sarah*, Ran, Lynn
-Son: Earth
-Daughter: Luna

Lara
-Father: Bingo*
-Mother: Stella
-Sisters: Lovey, Sarah*, Ran, Lynn
-Nephew: Earth
-Niece: Luna

Ran
-Father: Bingo*
-Mother: Stella
-Sisters: Lovey, Lara, Sarah*, Lynn
-Nephew: Earth
-Niece: Luna

Lynn
-Father: Bingo*
-Mother: Stella
-Sisters: Lovey, Lara, Sarah*, Ran
-Nephew: Earth
-Niece: Luna

Earth
-Father: Oscar*
-Mother: Lovey
-Sister: Luna
-Grandfather: Bingo*
-Grandmother: Stella
-Aunts: Lara, Sarah*, Ran, Lynn

Luna
-Father: Oscar*
-Mother: Lovey
-Brther: Earth
-Grandfather: Bingo*
-Grandmother: Stella
-Aunts: Lara, Sarah*, Ran, Lynn

Keto
-Father: Kotar*
-Mother: Kalina*
-Brother: Keet
-Half-sisters: Takara, Skyla*
-Half brother: Tuar
-Grandmother: Katina
-Aunts: Unna*, Nalani
-Uncles: Taku*, Ikaika
-Nieces: Kohana, Kalia, Halyn*, Sakari, Kamea
-Nephew: Trua
-Son: Adan
-Daughter: Vicky*, Ula*

Tekoa
-Father: Tilikum*
-Mother: Taima*
-Brother: Sumar*
-Sister: Malia
-Half-brothers: Kyuquot, Taku*, Tuar, Nakai, Ikaika, Makaio
-Half-sisters: Unna*, Kohana, Skyla*, Sakari
-Nephew: Trua
-Niece: Nalani

Kohana
-Father: Tilikum*
-Mother: Takara
-Grandmother: Kasatka*
-Sister: Sakari
-Half-brothers: Trua, Kyuquot, Tuar, Tekoa, Nakai, Ikaika, Makaio
-Half-sisters: Unna*, Skyla*, Malia, Kamea
-Aunt: Kalia
-Uncles: Keet, Keto, Nakai
-Niece: Nalani
-Nephew: Trua
-Son: Adan
-Daughter: Vicky*
-Cousin: Amaya*

Skyla*
-Father: Tilikum*
-Mother: Kalina*
-Grandmother: Katina
-Brother: Tuar
-Half-brothers: Keet, Keto, Kyuquot, Tekoa, Nakai, Ikaika, Makaio
-Half-sisters: Unna*, Kohana, Malia, Sakari
-Aunts: Unna*, Nalani
-Uncle: Ikaika
-Nephew: Adan, Trua
-Nieces: Vicky*, Kalia, Halyn*, Nalani

Adan - inbred
-Father: Keto
-Mother: Kohana
-Sister: Vicky*
-Grandfathers: Tilikum*, Kotar*
-Grandmothers: Takara, Kalina*
-Great-grandmother: Kasatka*
-Uncle: Nakai, Keet, Tuar, Kyuquot, Tekoa, Ikaika, Makaio, Trua
-Aunt: Sakari, Unna*, Skyla*, Malia, Kamea
-Great-uncle: Keto

Morgan
-Father: Unknown
-Mother: Unknown
-Daughter: Ula*

Ula*
-Father: Keto
-Mother: Morgan

Inouk
-Father: Kim*
-Mother: Sharkan*
-Sisters: Shouka, Wikie
-Half-brother: Valentin*
-Nephew: Moana, Keijo

Wikie
-Father: Kim*
-Mother: Sharkan*
-Sister: Shouka
-Brother: Inouk
-Half-brother: Valentin*
-Son: Moana, Keijo

Moana
-Father: Ulises
-Mother: Wikie
-Grandfather: Kim*
-Grandmother: Sharkan*
-Uncles: Inouk, Valentin*
-Aunt: Shouka
-Half-brother: Keijo
-Half-sister: Amaya*

Keijo - inbred
-Father: Valentin*
-Mother: Wikie
-Grandfather: Kim*
-Grandmother: Sharkan*, Freya*
-Uncles: Inouk, Valentin*
-Aunt: Shouka
-Half-brother: Moana

Thursday, 14 February 2013

Makani










[Name] Makani
[Date of birth] 14.Feb.13
[Currently resides] SeaWorld California
[Previously held at] -
[Parents] Kshamenk and Kasatka* [AI]
[Offspring] -

Makani's name was chosen by the public out of the choices Hako, Valentino and Makani. He is the first calf of Kshamenk, and was born through AI. Makani has been featured in shows since very shortly after his birth. He spent most of his time with his mother (until her  death), and older siblings Nakai and Kalia.